Mercredi 1 juin 2011 3 01 /06 /Juin /2011 14:18

My old time daddy

Came back home last night.

His face was pale and

His eyes didn’t look just right.

 

He says, “Mary, I’m

Comin’ home to you

So sick and lonesome

I don’t know what to do.”

 

Oh, men treats women

Just like a pair o’ shoes

You kicks ‘em round and

Does ‘em like you choose.

 

I looked at my daddy

Lawd! And I wanted to cry.

He looked so thin

Lawd! And I wanted to cry.

But the devil told me:

         Damn a lover

Come home to die!

 

I.                    THE POEM


It was written in 1931 just after the Great Migration.

It belongs to the section “After hours” = time passing, loss of time. It’s a story of two persons. She’s waiting for a man, maybe for a day, for a week-end, for a month, for a year. The story of a woman waiting for her “beloved” man.

 

II.                  THE TITLE

 

Return means a coming back, a movement from South/North. It’s gonna be a positive coming-back: a woman has been waiting for her lover and at least, he is back. But in fact, this poem isn’t positive. Langston Hughes is recalling the experience of his own parent’s separation.

Lover = woman who is waiting for a man.

 

III.                TIME AND SETTING

 

-          Childhood

-          Setting : Langston’s home (l.2), (l.6), maybe in Harlem

-          Dirty, dark, cold flat

 

 

IV.                THE SPEAKER

 

-          Langston is talking about his parents

-          A woman is talking to us (readers)/women/her lover

-          A man “the lover” = woman

-          The devil

 

V.                  STRUCTURE

 

-          4 structured stanzas: 1-2-3 -> same as of lines

                                                                  4 -> longer

-         Rhymes : “night” (l.2) and “right” (l.4), “you” (l.6) and “do” (l.8), “shoes” (l.10) and “choose” (l.12)

 

Stanza 1:

 

-         Physical description : the face and the eyes (l.3-4) : the eyes are the reflexion of the soul, the face because we see expressions, pale means death

-         His soul is sick too

-         “Old” (l.1) = time passing

-         “Daddy” (l.1)= expression of affection

-         He looks like at the age of the death

-         He’s suffering loneliness

 

Stanza 2:

-         “Mary” (l.5) = biblical reference, the virgin

-         He is really sick and alone

-         (l.8) : he’s like a child asking to his mother for help

-         Woman is the home = permanent, what remains, stable, reference

-         It’s an interior monologue, she expresses her feelings, she’s aware

 

Stanza 3:

 

-         “Oh” (l.9) = an apostrophy

-         “like” (l.10) = a simile, women are compared to a pair of shoes, men usually change their shoes like they change women. We put our shoes when we go outside, when we make a movement so shoes are compared to a movement, this simile is ironically because women don’t move, they stay at home and that’s all. They are an object like shoes

 

Stanza 4:

 

-         This stanza is very symetrical: repetition: “Lawd! And I wanted to cry” (l.14) and (l.16)

-         “Lawd” (l.16) = Lord, it’s a kind of gospel

-         She has a pact with the devil and if her lover comes back home, he dies, she’s gonna reject him at the end

Par langston-and-us.over-blog.com
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Dimanche 22 mai 2011 7 22 /05 /Mai /2011 17:23

ž
It was yesterday
morning 

            I looked in my box for mail.
The letter that I found there
Made me turn right pale
.                                                                                                                      

Just a little old letter,
Wasn’t even one page long—
But it made me wish
I was in my grave and gone
.

I turned it over,
Not a word writ on the back.
I never felt so lonesome
Since I was born black.

Just a pencil and paper,
You don’t need no gun or knife—
A little old letter
Can take a person’s life
. 

ž

 C’était hier matin

J’ai regardé dans ma boîte au lettres

La lettre que j’ai trouvé

M’as fait devenir brusquement pâle.

 

Juste une vielle petite lettre

Qui n’était pas plus longue qu’une page

Mais m’a fait regretter

De ne pas être dans ma tombe

 

Je l’ai retourné

Aucun mot ne paressait au verso

Je ne me suis jamais sentit aussi seul

Depuis que je suis née noir

 

Il faut juste un crayon et un stylo

On n’a ni besoin de pistolet encore moins de couteau

Une vielle petite lettre

Peut arracher une vie.  

 

ž¡The poem was written     by Langston Hughes, we can find it in Selection Poems in the selection entitled « Lament over love » . This fragment explains that the narrator complains about love and the pain that love can provoke .—
 The title creates a letter intimacy and the title encourages the reader to the curiosity
 žAbout the time we just know that it’s was « Yesterday moring » . We can infer that the scene takes place in the narrator as he recalls his letter box at . This poem is timeless .
We can note that the speaker is a black person because of  « since I was born black » but we  don’t know who is it and if it’s a man or a woman who is speaking .
žThere are 4 stanzas  composed of 4 lines .
žOne can notice that in each stanza only the second and fourth lines rime .
ž«  Wasn’t even one page long » there is an alliteration of « o » which indeed weihghing .
« Just a pencil and paper » there is an aliteration of « p  » which symbolizes the pain and anger .
«  Made me turn right pale »  shows the physical breakdown of the narrator .
 The 2nd stanza shows regret of being born because he speaks of" grave"
The 3rd reflectd the same disgust and regret to be born black , it’s a rejection , a denial
The last stanza explains the change with the simple fact that a letter had destroyed his life
žWe can suppose that is a letter which announces a breaking . Since the narrator says he has never felt so alone since he was born black as if he had lost his own half . In addiction , there is a gradation of feeling pain over the discovery of this letter . IT seems TO HAVE changed its life and his wordlview . It could almost driven him to suicide because he says he regrets being still on earth.
žIn the last stanza , the narrator insists on  words . Indeed the way words are more painful , more harmful  and damage more than any weapon because  words are scars that remain anchored to life on paper . The narrator describes the letter for example : « Little Old Letter » or when he returns and sees nothing on the back . The description in only « physical » as the description of a person that can make us think if personification . But at no time the recipient of the letter is  mentionned , or ever explained, summarized in its content . Moreover everything collapses around him, he is alone and he certainly has to leave .. So second annihilation! His solitude is accentuated when he reads his letter, the context is that when we reads a letter it must be alone, because the reading of a bill must be intimate, so you face this situation alone and in the poem shows his despair.
žTo finish , we can remark the alliteration of « L » in the the title which means lamentation and suffering
We can say they are around us and that we are the most expressive that can changes us . Here the narrator has lost his marks and the identification is truly easy because each of us can identify with this testimony . One feels  the pain of the past because this letter is a milestone in the life of the narrator . The mention of the suicide and weapons announces certainly a tragic end .
 
Par langston-and-us.over-blog.com
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Dimanche 22 mai 2011 7 22 /05 /Mai /2011 14:44

I . THE POEM

1941 /1950 part of « lament over love » , series of « ballads »

II. TITLE

lament : a passionate expression of grief and sorrow ,a song, pièce of music or poem expressing such emotion,expression of regret, disappointment, a complaint.

A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. The form was often used by poets and composers from the 18th century onwards to produce lyrical ballads. In the later 19th century it took on the meaning of a slow form of popular love song and the term is now often used as synonymous with any love song.

Fortune teller : Fortune-telling is the practice of predicting information about a person's life. Methods : include astromancy, horary astrology, pendulum reading, spirit board reading, tasseography (reading tea leaves in a cup), cartomancy (fortune telling with cards), tarot reading, crystallomancy (reading of a crystal sphere), lithomancy (reading of stones or gems), and chiromancy (palmistry, reading of the palms) : « look in your hands »

The scope of fortune-telling is in principle identical with the practice of divination. The difference is that divination is the term used for predictions considered part of a religious ritual, invoking deities or spirits, while the term fortune-telling implies a less serious or formal setting, even one of popular culture, where belief in occult workings behind the prediction is less prominent than the concept of suggestion, spiritual or practical advisory or affirmation. Historically, fortune-telling grows out of folkloristic reception of Renaissance magic, specifically associated with gypsies.

III . TIME AND SETTING

No precise date nor setting: universal and intemporal yet we can suppose the scene is set at the Fortune teller's house. 

IV. SPEAKER

3rd person narrator talking to « you » about a woman, the fortune teller and her lover, dave. »he »

V. Structure

8 quatrains

Most, but not all, northern and west European ballads are written in ballad stanzas or quatrains (four-line stanzas) .Usually, only the second and fourth line of a quatrain are rhymed (in the scheme a, b, c, b),here it's the case except the 1st quatrain: abac

In all traditions most ballads are narrative in nature, with a self contained story, : her  how a fortune teller can see the others future but becomes blind when it comes to her future !

often concise and relying on imagery : rather than description, which can be tragic, historical, romantic or comic. : here the story of a fortune teller who fell in love but couldn’t « foresee » the tragic ending of it !

the rhyme scheme : line 2 and 4 rhyme

repetitions : and / madam/could/ would/tell/look

 and word choices are extremely appropriate in conveying the overall tone of each poem and truly made each poem a joy to read. For instance, the rhyme scheme of “Ballad of a Fortune Teller” forces the reader to recite the lines slower and in a less sing-song manner, adding to its aloof tone.(distant, cold)

VI . THEMES

an underlying theme of of a search for identity. Confusion of identity

Irony is something that writers use to tell their stories. Irony is when  something happens that is the opposite of what you would expect.

    Whenyou reach the last stanza of this poem (the last four lines) you become aware of the irony in this poem.

Opposition “your” future, her future she couldn’t see…

 women's suffering as in Lover's return

Par langston-and-us.over-blog.com
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Dimanche 22 mai 2011 7 22 /05 /Mai /2011 14:40

New Yorkers

Traduction:

Je suis né ici,

Ce n’est pas un mensonge, dit-il

Juste ici, sous le ciel de Dieu.

Je ne suis pas née ici, dit-elle

Je viens – et pourquoi?

Je viens,

De parents qui travaillent dur

Toutes leurs vies

Jusqu’à ce qu’ils meurent

Et ne possèdent aucune partie

De la terre ni du ciel

Donc je suis venue ici.

Maintenant,  qu’ai-je ?

Toi!

Elle retroussa ses lèvres

Dans l’obscurité:

La même vieille étincelle !

 

The poem :

The poem is a part of

Montage of a Dream Deferred                 Dream: American Dream?

The title:

Suppositions :

The setting : New York

Many  people

New : a begin, new people

So the poem is maybe about a relation between many people at New York. With something starting, (a new life, a love story …)

Dramatic Situation

There are two characters. A man and a woman. They are talking by another person; it’s postponing lyrics. A woman has come to New York to make a fortune. And in fact she found love. The speaker organize a dialogue.

The poem can be addressed to everybody.

Structure :

 

I was born here,

That’s no lie, he said,

Right here beneath God’s sky.

3 lines

 

I wasn ’t born here, she said,

I come -- and why ?

Where I come from

Folks work hard

All their lives

Until they die

And never own no parts

Of earth nor sky

So I come up here.

Now what’ve I got?

You !

11  lines , Italic passage to show the changement  of character.

She lifted up her lips

In the dark:

The same old spark.

3 lines again, so a kind of regularity in the poem.

First stanza

No rhymes

He believes in God

A man native from New York

Second stanza

Woman

Immigrant (not native from New York)

 Her parents are maybe already dead

 Not easy life.

She wants to gives a homage to her parents and fulfill her dream, have a good life.

Love declaration.

Third stanza

They are probably kissing

Maybe  old persons

Return to the present

Conclusion

It’s a dialogue between two characters, we can see at the end of the poem that it’s the woman who is remembering her love declaration to a man who is, perhaps now, her husband. 

The poem tells about the immigration and probably the American dream.

Par langston-and-us.over-blog.com
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Dimanche 22 mai 2011 7 22 /05 /Mai /2011 12:24

The poem:
Part of Lament over Love,
it has the same name as the part.

 

The title:
«  Lament over Love  »
It’s composed of 3 words.
« Lament » : The narrator complains about Love and the pain that Love can provoke.alliteration in "l"

 

Time and Setting:
- We don’t really know the time because it’s not really important here. The poem gives a message universal which could be for every time and everybody.
- We don’t really know the setting too, but in the stanza 2 there is a reference to a river (maybe it’s the Mississippi such as the others poems of Langston Hughes).

 

Dramatic Situation:
It’s a first narrative person. The narrator is a woman ( we can see it at the last stanza : « my man » ). She gives advices about love at her daughter. She speaks about her love experience.

 

The Structure:
4 stanzas of 6 verses
- The fourth first verses of every stanzas have mixing rhymes with the same words, and the two last verses haven’t got rhymes.
- The poem is written in free verses.
- There are many repetitions of sentences such as « I hope my child’ll… »

 

Stanza 1:the exposition
She says her hopes for a child about love. She repeats the sentence « I hope my child’ll never love a man » to insist on the fact that she refuses her child to love somebody, because love is dangerous. There is a personnification of love : « Love can hurt you »(capital letter)

Rhyme: man/can    repetition  of "can"

Stanza 2:consequence
She tells a moment of her life when her lover has just left her. She went to the river to think about it. There is a repetition of « Ain’t goin’ there to swim » to show that she uses the river to console her.River is important in LH's poetry but here it's rather destructive (opposed to the negro speaks of rivers..)She's going to the river to commit suicide.River, water also have a connotation of purification, a renewal and rebirth ( baptisism)

idea of downwards movement  "down": the fall of her soul and body  "red": blood, veins running of blood in the veins like the water and the river 

Stanza 3:
She gives her own definition of Love.
She compares Love to alcohol ( whiskey and wine ) because it’s an addiction and both a pleasure and something bad which can hurt.Something which takes control of your mind , feelings and judgement

 anaphora: love     alliteration in "w"

Stanza 4:
At the end of the poem there is a sort of insinuation because the narrator commits suicide because of Love. It’s a tragic situation.It insists in the fact that Love can be dangerous and bring death.

there's also a rising movement "goin' up", going to heaven? alliteration in "t" followed by THE fall in the last line "and let my fool self fall" (alliteration in "f")

the speaker , feeling dejected because her man has abandoned her, sings the blues and contemplates suicide.

Par langston-and-us.over-blog.com
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